The main difference between C++ and JS here, is that web has become a dominant platform. If you need to write anything that human should interact with, you're unlikely to build Desktop app, you'll go to the web – simply because it's a way to reach way more people. And by the twist of historic events it happened that the only programming language you can write it is something barely resembling real programming languages, something that has never been properly designed and thought of.
This actually feels like you're being forced to use JS without your consent, and that's where opportunity cost-like things start to happen. You know how effective you could be in a properly designed language and ecosystem, and when you spend hours fighting `function is undefined at index.js:2342342` bugs, and follow outdated tutorials just to realize that they are not working anymore, you know how much easier it would be if you had a choice in programming language, and you start hate it quite passionately.
> Other devs that complain about it are either are ignorant, or not willing to put in the required effort to learn something worthwhile.
I would not say so. I'm not a frontend dev, but I have 15+ years practical experience and can switch 2-3 languages almost daily. Right tool for the right job. While my main focus is server software, I like doing software with UI and was extremely happy in the early 2000-s doing this with C++/QT, and later developing Nokia N900 apps with Python and QML. That was just a great experience, and the learning path was logical and ecosystem is solid, so you can reuse what you've learned and advance this way.
Then around 2009 it become obvious that for apps with UI you need web. And I happily invested into learning how to do things. I was writing backends in PHP, then in Go, and for frontend I used jQuery, then Angular 1, then Angular 2 and React.
Backend part always took me around 5% of time, and 95% was frontend. From those 95% most time has been spent on trying to find logic in proposed solutions for the very basic things, and fighting with tooling and versions mismatches. Like, really, the real coding – i.e. solving "essential complexity" – was taking a tiny share of my time, but fighting with tooling, multiple approaches and solutions, that contradict each others, dynamic type absense errors, and simple stupid design desicions that made it to the mainstream was taking most of my time.
Needless to say, when I had to return to my projects in half a year, it just doesn't worked anymore, because ecosystem changed, tooling updated and become incompatible, and you find yourself trying to rewrite code to match newer versions. And it seems to be common thing in JS world – people just break APIs and libraries for almost no reason (`Button.Raised` -> `RaisedButton`, really?) and they fine with it. There is a whole mentality of "breaking API is totally OK" and a second generation of developers sees nothing bad in it. And, of course, you can't find anyone to help you, because that framework is already considered outdated and nobody wants to touch it.
So no, it's not an ignorance, it's merely respect of your time and mental health, and not accepting that you a) have no choice and should embrace technology no matter how bad it is b) your knowledge you're invested into will be outdated in half a year.