Arrogance is telling the people around you how they are idiots instead of producing a superior product or convention.
Think about it in terms of your performance (output) instead of your opinions (what you say).
For the person working on that new thing this is deeply frustrating. The early hostility is super depressing. You just have to power through it, because you have the personal vision to know that new thing solves a problem in a certain way.
Having gone through this more than once I have formed high personal exceptionalism. Due to my technical experience I now have a pretty good idea of what ideas are super great and what ideas are really bad, though from time to time I am still (rarely) surprised at just how wrong I am.
The consequence of this is that I am really bad at marketing and self-promotion. I would rather just work on my idea without telling anybody. Because I have a small following of users to my big github project I know people will end up using my code anyways. The biggest limitation in this approach is that you are effectively removing yourself from external feedback.
High self-esteem means respecting yourself. It means that if someone else can do it, you thin you can do it too.
Exceptionalism is a mild delusion that says that risks and constraints don't apply to you. It means that if no one else can do it, that doesn't mean you can't.
Arrogance is about how you treat others, not how you treat yourself.
If you told Bill Gates "You can't do X" and he had already done it many times over, well, why should he waste time arguing with you?
You can also be arrogant on top of that. But you don't have to be arrogant to believe your track record justifies an assessment that the limits that normally apply won't apply to you, or won't necessarily apply, thus it merits trying anyway.
Such people tend to find their limits by smacking into them at 100 miles an hour and it is usually not pretty. They do this because they just can't trust the judgement of other people who have told them countless times "You can't do X." only to be proven definitely wrong.