The particular Nazi the Milgram Experiments are most associated with traditionally is Adolf Eichmann. Milgram's experiments were inspired by the trial of Adolf Eichmann, which began earlier that year (1961.) During that trial Adolf Eichmann infamously pleaded that he was merely following orders. He did not say the holocaust never happened, and he did not say he was unaware of it. He said that he was following orders.

The popular narrative of the Milgram experiments is that there exists such a psychological phenomenon in humans. That most humans follow orders, even orders they find deeply distressing. That's why the Milgram experiments shocked so many people; they were being told that if placed in the same position as Eichmann, they probably would have followed those same orders.

But we now know Eichmann's defense was bullshit, and a reexamination of the Milgram experiment results backs that up. People comply with orders when they agree with the motivation behind those orders; in the case of Eichmann the motivation behind the orders that he found agreeable was the wholesale slaughter of jews. In the case of the Milgram experiments, the motivation the teachers found agreeable was the advancement of science. An Amish man doubtlessly would have refused to comply in Milgram's experiments; and somebody opposed to the ideology of the Nazis would have refused to comply with the orders Eichmann received.