Oh Jesus, here we go again.
They are catering to different domains! Node is intended for doing backend programming for supporting web applications. And there are many better alternatives IMO.
Rust is intended for systems programming manly (not limited to that, of course). It also would be good for certain high-performance backends.
As for Go, I'll let Rob Pike (Go creator) explain the reason for Go:
The key point here is our programmers are Googlers, they’re not researchers. They’re typically, fairly young, fresh out of school, probably learned Java, maybe learned C or C++, probably learned Python. They’re not capable of understanding a brilliant language but we want to use them to build good software. So, the language that we give them has to be easy for them to understand and easy to adopt.