See https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/mar/21/facebook-row... and the testimony Christopher Wylie gave before the UK House of Commons Select Committee. He's the CA whistleblower. It's a very illuminating watch - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5g6IJm7YJQ
So to recap:
[1] Kogan writes a FB app for CA to create psychographic profiles of users. This data allows people to be targeted by how naturally susceptible you are to rumors and fake news.
[2] Kogan then accepts a position at St. Petersburg State University (so essentially Russian money) and moves there
[3] Russians subsequently magically gain a new superpower they didn't have before - the ability to target users on FB who are susceptible to manipulation towards extreme viewpoints.