Likewise I don't know if we all have the potential for sense of direction based on magnetic fields or that only some of us that could tap into consciously it, or if it's there subconsciously. Homing pigeons use magnetoreception (just Googled for proper term -
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetoreception) - so it's possible it's somewhere in our DNA; it seems dolphins too have the ability to sense magnetic fields.
Because the brain works as "use it or lose it" - most of us in modern societies will never need to tap into this sense nor would it be reenforced by its use, if it is a thing for humans.
To me, it sounds like that friend didn't trust himself or his memory for whatever reason, so learned a dependance on a GPS navigator as a coping mechanism.
Re: General intuition - It could be that general intuition is simply trusting yourself, trusting that you're already paying attention to your surroundings (and being relaxed enough to take it all in), fully in the present moment - so in the case you reference, you subconsciously are aware of the sun's location, buildings, memory, etc.
I've never been to India - all yoga has been practiced locally, and ceremonies I've attended were within a few hours drive - sounds like an interesting documentary.
Thanks for sharing.