When living at what was then often quoted as the extreme fringe of the coverage area - Trondheim, Norway, on 63,5 degrees of latitude - I had reliable coverage as long as the clocks were kept in window sills (hence, effectively outdoors)
However, just moving down to my current home (on 62 degrees, or -roughly speaking- 11% closer to the transmitter site), I now have reliable coverage everywhere (granted, in a wooden house - but the DCF77 alarm clock in the basement synchs every hour, too)
Or one can use a PC to transmit the DCF77 signal locally (it could be illegal) to a clock using a pair of headphones, I've seen at least a couple of examples but never tried them.
Edit: found the photo http://forums.watchuseek.com/f17/possible-method-improve-ato...
You can find more details in the second page of this datasheet
https://www.gemischtwaren-haendler.de/shopdateien/3942_1.pdf
This is completely outside of my area of expertise, but doesn't the radio signal strength decrease exponentially? So that last 11% could be a big deal?
Line-of-sight attenuation of an EM wave in the empty space is quadratical, whilst - for example - attenuation of an electrical signal in a wire is exponential.
Obviously this is a super simplification...