Since we are on HN and talking of the Pythagorean theorem, I must mention E. W. Dijkstra's proof. https://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/EWD/transcriptions/EWD09xx/E... he proves the generalization sgn(α + β - γ) = sgn(a² + b² - c²) also by using similar triangles. Incredibly neat.