Wow. I love hearing about the persistence under those conditions. Reminds me a bit of what I've heard of Cuba, a semi-sneakernet setup.
You can still found some of it by googling keyword "新疆断网", and Google Translate them if you interested to read.
In summary: In the first few days, people miss the access; Then, they built their own network, providing news, BBS, downloading and even online gaming services etc.
If they had enough time, I could assume they will build a complete alternative of China's Internet, just like what happened in the China's Internet then the access to the true Internet is limited.
But "enough time" is what they don't have, when the access been restored, most local websites are faded.