Now that I've detected my color ramp is inadequate, where can I find a good one? Am I limited to greyscale or other single-hue ramps? Do I need multiple color ramps for deuteranopia vs protanopia?
If you didn't want to do separate palettes, which I imagine could be a lot of work, you could create your own. I imagine if you varied the tint/shade/tone enough you could (probably?) get a set of colors (with different hues) that would be differentiable across all forms of colorblindness.
Disclaimer: I'm not a designer _at all_. Somewhat on topic, my favorite quick tool for colors is colorhexa dot com. At the bottom of each color page they have a color blindness simulator.