That's because the speed limit doesn't match actual traffic speeds. On highways/motorways, traffic typically will freely flow at speeds ranging from 75 to 85 mph (120 to 140 km/h). Posting a speed limit of 55 to 65 mph (90 to 110 km/h) will result in traffic treating those numbers as a minimum acceptable speed.
In fact, in the state of Virginia (in the USA), they have signs posted on their interstate highways that state that commercial vehicles may not use the left most lane if being operated below the posted speed limit (65 or 70 mph).
How much do you worry about dying from a fall, or poison, or alcohol, or drugs? Or a firearm? All of those are either similar to or more likely than dying in a car accident.
If you want to rationally optimize for something that will improve your survival odds, heart health is by a vast, vast margin a better place to spend your efforts.
If you drive an average number of miles per year, you will probably be involved in some kind of accident once every decade. The odds you will die in that accident are pretty low, as it only happens about once every 100,000,000 miles driven.
It's cars crashing into bicycles, pedestrians or buses (causing the buses to avoid them and crash) that are the major issue.
The people who die in car crashes are innocent healthy people. Often killed by people who never think how dangerous cars are and assume that they themselves are safe.
One of the major bus crashes [0] was caused by a drunk SUV driver over taking a bus too fast in the rain, losing control, crashing into the bus and killing numerous passengers. The SUV driver only suffered slight injuries.
[0]: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benalm%C3%A1dena_coach_crash
I've lived in "Cannah get theyah from heah" Boston. I can assure you that slow, safe, crappy, narrow, winding roads suck as bad as you think.
Or try going from Braddock to Penn Hills in Pittsburgh, PA. Nice and slow and infuriating. There's a reason why a whole bunch of people decided "You know, that nice empty area west of Pittsburgh with roads that actually let you get from A to B is very enticing."
> One can easily notice that most folks seem to treat the speed limit as a minimum speed rather than a maximum speed.
I disagree. People simply IGNORE the speed limit and drive at what they consider to be a safe speed.
Part of the problem is that there are political forces (cough police budgets) that encourage stupidly low speed limits. If all roads were set at the appropriate speed (something like 85% of traffic, IIRC, but there is an actual engineering number), suddenly "speeding" becomes an actual traffic safety issue.
And, in fact, ignoring a speed limit is a rational decision when everybody else would be going 10-20mph faster than you. Absolute speed means more damage when a accident occurs, but relative speed differentials mean more accidents occur.
https://metrocount.com/downloads/flyers/Speed_analysis_1.pdf
I'm not a traffic engineer so I'd love an explanation, because on the first look, it seems absurd to apply this measure to determining speed limits, as a) 85th percentile will keep creeping up with each iteration of such speed limit adjustment, and b) the whole rationale seems to depend on "wisdom of the crowds", i.e. trusting greedy optimization to find the right balance in the system that needs to be optimized globally.
That doesn't actually occur. In 1997, West Virginia raised its speed limits from 55 to 65 mph on limited access 4 lane divided highways. The 85th percentile speed incrased from 62 mph to 66.5 mph. The compliance level with the speed limit went from 15% to nearly 85%. On interstate highways, the speed limit increased from 65 mph to 70 mph. The 85th percentile speed increased from 70 mph to 71.6 mph. The compliance rate went from 50% to about 70%.
In both cases, the compliance rate went up (in one case, substantially). Also, the Martin Parker study [1] also says that lowering and raising speed limits do not substantially affect actual traffic speeds.
And a lot of people are completely incapable of determining what is actually a safe speed.