GameMaker Studio used to do something like that. You started off with a specific version and then could buy plugins for additional features like compiling for consoles, Linux, etc. I haven't looked at the GMS2 pricing model so I'm not sure if they still follow that though.

Sure, but one is not selecting each single feature individually.

It would be an endless effort to modularize everything down to that level, and probably not many devs would take advantage of it, thus being a waste of money.

So the installation options are just tailored down to getting everything for a specific target system.