For instance I can buy antibiotics, or things like prozac at most any pharmacy. Pharmacies being a bit different than in the US. In many places prescriptions are not filled at pharmacies, but at the hospital itself. Pharmacies are often stores that sell only drugs, usually without prescription, as opposed to the US thing where you have a general goods store with a pharmacist filling prescriptions in the back.
And all the regular stuff acetaminophen/ibuprofen/etc are also of course available, though there is a difference that generally it is sold in blister packs rather than in the huge bottles of it you can buy in America.
E.g. the box of aspirin from the supermarket may have 500 pills: https://www.walmart.com/ip/Equate-Pain-Relief-Aspirin-Coated...
Aspirin is dirt cheap in the U.S.