I can listen to music and work, sometimes I get so focused that I don't even realize there is music, but I usually more effectively in silence. I hate background chitchat beyond a certain level, and when the people talking have to get louder to be heard over the level of noise, it causes me a ridiculous level of frustration.
I have experimented with various volumes and types of music while I'm studying, but overall, silence works for me.
For me, the best option is quite ridiculous: I wear a good set of (class 5) earmuffs. Even traffic just a few yards from me is almost silent. I'm wearing a pair right now, actually.
It's just so peaceful. If I could wear these things to bed, I would.