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It's a very confusing attempt to explain the difference between kernel and user memory space. I don't think article's authors understand it.

Yeah, but that'd be 1980s, not 2000s. :-\

I think they're talking about going from an unprotected to a protected memory model. The windows 9x line was unprotected (ending with "Windows ME" circa 2000) and NT was protected. The first consumer NT was XP in, what, 2002? That lines up with their "early 2000's" comment.

Why they're deciding to credit Intel with protected memory models is beyond me, though. Maybe they thought they needed to give some credit to Intel for something to make the article seem more balanced.

Yes, the article got both the purpose and the dates quite wrong.

I think they’re talking about TPM.

I’m guessing SGX.

SGX was introduced in ~2014, AFAIK.