If you also want to know if intel has released a microcode update for your CPU yet (regardless of whether or not it's available in your distro yet):

Download the latest archive from Intel at https://downloadcenter.intel.com/download/27431/Linux-Proces... (currently microcode-20180108.tgz) then:

    tar -xzf microcode-20180108.tgz
    sudo apt install iucode-tool # or whatever your package manager is
    iucode-tool -tb -lS ./intel-ucode/*

This will crosscheck the microcode binaries with the signature of your CPU and output something like:

    001: sig 0x00010676, pf mask 0x01, 2010-09-29, rev 0x060f, size 4096
    002: sig 0x00010676, pf mask 0x04, 2010-09-29, rev 0x060f, size 4096
    003: sig 0x00010676, pf mask 0x10, 2010-09-29, rev 0x060f, size 4096
    004: sig 0x00010676, pf mask 0x40, 2010-09-29, rev 0x060f, size 4096
    005: sig 0x00010676, pf mask 0x80, 2010-09-29, rev 0x060f, size 4096

As you can see Intel hasn't released any updates for my old CPU (latest is from 2010)