self modifying code (which exists) would take a massive performance hit. any time a page is marked +X, the kernel would have to mark it -W, and then on page fault the kernel would have to check if userspace was changing something to a clflush instruction.

oh, and x86 has variable length instructions - the same byte stream can decode as different instructions depending on where you start - so i doubt it's possible at all on x86 without a massive performance hit (you'd have to keep track of every jump instruction in the entire address space...)