Plenty of airlines have replaced 747s with A380s. British Airways, Lufthansa, Air France and Qantas immediately come to mind.
For example, an airline might get preferred access to airport berths. Governments, and officials of privatised government entities serve to organise and stabilise this sort of cartel.
OTOH, Lufthansa was the initial customer for 747-8.
So while you correctly pointed out that influence, carriers aren't quite as dependent on their host nations as you assume.
That, and their Emirates alliance have finally turned things around (they weren’t profitable internationally for several years until about two years ago).