Not quite the issue. Batteries have known charge-loss curves, and they lose capacity in a way that can be predictably engineered for. This is why during the first month or so, they seem to stay on for days barely losing charge, then they seem to keep on about a day or two at general use after that.
So the battery loses down to maybe 90% capacity very quickly, then falls a little more slowly to somewhere around 70% by the next year or so, and will much more slowly lose after that.
But engineers that choose the batteries and design the electronics know this, so they plan the phone around the battery having that 65-85% capacity, never the 100%. That's what I think Apple did knowingly wrong and against good conventions.
Apple designed those iPhones in a way that either prematurely decreased the life and ability of the batteries they chose to power them (evidenced by the shut-offs), or they used inferior batteries that unpredictably or improperly lost the ability to maintain the required draw. That they only issued the scaling patch after shut-offs became an issue tells me that this was an engineering failure, whether by Apple, ATL, or TLB- not user error.