In the case of the hash table, I assume it's using the model to compute the hash function.
"An ... approach to handling inserts is to build a delta-index. All inserts are kept in buffer and from time to time merged with a potential retraining of the model."
Another illuminating sentence from the paper was this:
>This leads to an interesting observation: a model which predicts the position given a key inside a sorted array effectively approximates the cumulative distribution function (CDF). We can model the CDF of the data to predict the position as: p = F(Key) ∗ N
Maybe it's just my very limited knowledge as an undergrad but I'm feeling that this can be the start of something big. Another idea that just came to me after is how much of this ML is applicable to the domain of cryptography. In my security class it seemed like much of the famous hash functions for example were somehow "found" in vast space of potential schemes.
For example:
The easiest and most abundant thing to learn on the web is unsurprisingly web development.
An ML engineer can use ML to optimize the data structures that he uses for his models.
I could not say the same about fields like biology or physics.
However, the paradigm shift is inevitable, once discovered, people will use it, and use it anywhere possible.