I spent a few years working at the UK's largest betting exchange, I could tell you what language we used for bet matching and so on but you wouldn't believe me...
Yep, got it: it was all done in PL/SQL. Clicks on the website went through a simple Java layer and called stored procs. At the time we were doing more transactions/sec than all the European stock exchanges combined, and often the Japanese too. It makes me chuckle when people say to me now "but SQL databases don't scale" when they are running 1/10th of the workload we were running 10 yeara ago...
No idea what they're using now, mind, I left after the IPO but before the merger.