> Java had lists but no functional API on top of it. Processing ArrayLists is extremely different from (mapcar #'f '(....))

My point was that the functional API is the key difference, not arrays vs lists. Java in 2000 had lists and no functional API, whereas Lisp in 1970 had mutable arrays with a functional API available for use on them. Mapping over a list in Lisp looks like `(map 'list #'f '(...))` (The first argument is the return type; MAPCAR is just a list-specific version of MAP), mapping over a Java-style array looks like `(map 'list #'f #(...))`. Lists vs arrays makes no real difference (if they were in variables instead of literals, you couldn't even tell if it were an array or a list by looking at that call). Java in 2017 similarly has a functional API that can be used on lists or (much more commonly) on mutable arrays.