Another big challenge in winter months is that people are so covered with warm clothes, that even going out in Sun doesn't help much.
I would /guess/ that pure (greenhouse?) glass, maybe not even visibly transparent, would be effective.
Both could be worth studying if someone hasn't already.
There exist optically transparent plastics that do not.
[1]: http://www.sciencefocus.com/qa/can-you-absorb-vitamin-d-thro...
I do remember reading years ago about a sanitarium in the late 1800's - early 1900 where the windows in the sun rooms were quartz glass.