Are there similar games designed to be "hacked" with javascript in the console?
I don't know about being designed for it, but me and a few coworkers had a great Friday afternoon a year or two ago screwing around with http://zty.pe/
Candy Clicker is a great example. I miss 2013.
I've explored about 0.1% of the universe with 30 sexdecillion paperclips.