How do Bing (Microsoft) and Apple invest in OSM respectively? Also I am guessing you are not including Facebook? Or do they contribute as well?
Bing has given OSM tracing rights over its aerial imagery for several years now - it's hard to overestimate how significant that is.
Apple (as you'd expect) has been much more private about its OSM work, but it has numerous people working on it and has been surfacing OSM data in Apple Maps in several parts of the world.
Bing was a gold sponsor of the most recent State of the Map (global conference) in Japan, Facebook silver: http://2017.stateofthemap.org
Bing has for years allowed the use of their sat images for OSM tracing.
It used to be Yahoo aerial in the early days.