"Apple gave us this permission because early versions of Apple Watch
were unable to adequately handle the level of map rendering in the Uber
app," an Uber representative, Melanie Ensign, told Business Insider.
"Subsequent updates to Apple Watch and our app removed this dependency,
and we're working with Apple to remove the API completely."
Uber was doing other sneaky stuff to read the devices serial number (or other unique identifiers) and evade Apple's countermeasures, but that's seperate from this.Inside the app I believe they can record whenever, without the banner appearing.
Edit: Actually, FB will ask for microphone permission if try to record a video. Based on every other app that records video also prompts for permission to record using the microphone, I'm lead to believe the microphone permission is required on iOS if you want to record video.
FB Messenger does not prompt for Microphone until you record a video or voice memo.
I can see "Messenger" and "Instagram" with access to microphone.
iOS also shows an indicator if an app is using the microphone. This is true even for built-in Apple apps like Voice Memos. There's no way to surreptitiously record.
The banner won’t show if the app using the mic is in the foreground.