One can debate whether or not this is a "true" operating system, but I'd like to coin a (new?) term: "virtual operating system"...not to be confused with emulation or virtual machines, but rather an OS that runs on top of a host OS. One obvious use for such a thing is reskinning an underlying operating system in a non-trivial way, i.e. completely changing the UI paradigms. Another use is allowing programmatic access to virtually everything.