This reminds me of a trilogy called Remembrance of Earth's Past by Liu Cixin. He creates a sort of analogy in the second novel, saying civilizations in space should be like hunters in a dark forest (The book is called The Dark Forest). He hypothesizes that you should sneak around quietly, looking to kill others, lest you be killed yourself. I won't say more - it's a great read.
A great summary of the Dark Forest theory without giving away too much of the plot. This trilogy is one of the best books/stories I've ever read.
Secoding the recommendation. The trilogy is incredible.