Is it common for companies to ban LGPL?
That's not strictly correct. LGPL has the requirement that it must be possible to replace the components that are under LGPL. So you could statically link them as long as you provide separate .o files. Of course that's a bit harder with Go.
But the concept of derivative work comes from copyright law, your choice of license doesn't affect whether something is a derived work or not. All that changes is the set of restrictions.