Resource scheduling, CSP (Constraint Satisfaction programming)
CSP: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constraint_satisfaction_proble...
Scheduling (production processes):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheduling_(production_process...
Scheduling (computing):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheduling_(computing)
... To an OS, a process thread has a priority and sometimes a CPU affinity.