1. Writing the Program(On Paper).
2. Feeding the program to the computer.
People in 2. were called 'Programmers' because that is what they did literally- 'Program the machine'. Also early programming had all sorts strange situations where a large part of programming was actually getting results by plugging values in largish math formulas. So there were a range of people who did just that. Generating graphs, being the human equivalent of source control etc.
The 2. part wasn't exactly a very glorifying role and was more like borderline stenographer.
By some definition that is still true. Notice how many programmers there are who probably write MVP web apps for a living copying code from stackoverflow/internet, but there are also people doing all the real work thinking about stock markets, security, medical devices, writing compiler patches, building tools.
I've always thought as coding as a mere ritual the real work always happens on the paper.