The main issue is that everything movable or deformable is going to get absolutely wrecked by vehicles, in short order.

Even old-fashioned speed bumps get severe ridges worn into them by vehicles that go too fast. They need to be repaired after a year or two. And even if that doesn't happen, they experience severe forces from wheels, every single day.

You (and the non-newtonian bump mentioned in the article) suggest basically a rubber bag filled with fluid. Instead of getting ridges worn into them, they're going to get punctured and destroyed.

There's a reason the system mentioned in the article is only shown in parking garages. It only works indoors (because of UV), and it only works at relatively low speeds, where the forces are lower, and the risk of undercarriage hits is very small.

I hate speed bumps, but it's extremely hard to find a workable alternative. Personally, I prefer chicanes.