They are, sort of. Linux (at least) can do multiple ACLs per FS object (U/G/W: rwx) whereas NTFS does have a slightly richer set of possible permissions listed when you use the GUI but they really boil down to the same in practice.
Novell's NWFS and NSS filesystems have always supported trustee assignments that flow recursively at the point of access rather than the point of administration. Unless you have used either of those as an administrator involving say 1000s of people and groups and millions of files then you will not appreciate this distinction.
On both Windows and Linux, if you have to make changes to FS perms, then the ACLs have to be made to each object - file or folder. On NWFS and NSS, you only do it at a point (say a directory) and then it will recurse automatically unless blocked by an IRF (Inheritable Rights Filter - bloody stupid but there if you really need it)
The end result is that making a change to a tree of files on any Unix or Windows FS takes from seconds to hours. On NWFS or NSS it generally takes seconds (for the screen to refresh).
I have never quite understood why Linux or Windows admins (I'm both) have put up with the rubbish ACLs and implementations of "modern" filesystems. Oooh RAID in software and snapshots - oh how nice.
The POSIX ACLs thing is genuinely shit, very outdated and absolute rubbish. This is the 21st century FFS. Why on earth should you wait as each file in a collection that you have deemed as belonging to sales but be readable by fred be stamped as such? Why should users be able to see the path down to a point where they have access? Why on earth should 21st C admins have to watch a change of security requirements take from a few seconds to hours/days?
Modern FS's are so NOT 1990s and what a shame.