Not really the same thing. const will stop you from mutating the vector, but it won't stop you taking a reference to an element you get in a const vector.

So, if you have a const reference, you can't make this mistake in it's entirety, but you can certainly make the mistake of keeping a reference to something you got through a const pointer.

Also, marking as const is something you have to opt-in to, and there is still disagreement on the value of const.