Here's a concrete example: comparing the Isabelle proof assistant, written in PolyML (a multi-core supporting SML implementation developed mostly by one guy) with Coq (which is written in OCaml). Interactive theorem proving in the former is a lot nicer as it takes advantage of multithreading not only for faster concurrent processing of proofs, but also to do things like running Quickcheck and Nitpick in a separate thread automatically to identify trivially falsifiable lemmas, and automatically finding stdlib lemmas that exactly solve a particular proof.
I think PolyML demonstrates that a lack of manpower isn't what stopped OCaml implementing multithreading support. Over the years there have actually been a few proposals/branches implementing some form of support, but all were rejected/abandoned. There was even one that just made the runtime reentrant (passing the runtime around directly instead of having it as a global variable), meaning the OCaml runtime could now be stopped and restarted when embedded in another application (e.g. C calling OCaml), a feature already present in Haskell, but this relatively simple improvement was also rejected (which personally bothers me a lot on a subjective level as I hate globals so it seems like a worthy improvement for its own sake). I remember waiting excitedly four or five years ago for it to be merged, a small but significant step on the path to multicore support, only for that hope to fade away as contributions to the branch slowed to a trickle then dried up completely. Without such extreme focus on avoiding decreases in single-core performance, it would have been much easier for a change like this to have been merged.
I think in recent times there is even less justification for rejecting multicore for affecting single-threaded performance. For two reasons: firstly, the recent addition of FLambda has brought performance improvements in many cases of over 10%, easily enough to compensate for any loss from multi-threading. Secondly, HFT now basically requires FPGA to compete, so single-threaded performance would presumably be of less concern to Jane Street (OCaml's biggest industrial user) now as they really shouldn't be using a software execution engine anyway (disclaimer: I say that as someone working at a competing HFT firm). And if Jane Street isn't doing HFT, then a drop of a few percentage points in single-threaded performance shouldn't affect them much anyway.
Finally, OCaml could always do what Haskell did and add a flag to toggle whether or not multi-threading is enabled, allowing single-threaded users to avoid any performance regression.