It has been translated into Korean and a number of Koreans study it to help them to be better at thinking [1].
Check out an Artscroll Talmud which has a good English translation. There might even be something on-line.
Also, much of critical thinking in my opinion is cultural. In some cultures, children "are to be seen and not heard." In the Passover Seder (The Last Supper was a Passover Seder) the youngest child at the Seder asks "The 4 questions" (memorized ahead of the ceremony of course).
[1] http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/how-the-talmud-be...