Tesla's privacy policy does say that this data won't be shared outside of "Tesla personnel" [0] - what evidence do you have that Tesla would break their agreement with their customers, and which law(s) in which country(s) prohibit carriers from selling location data?
Most people don't carry portable Faraday cages.
One could argue that cellphones might secretly call home even on airplane mode and we shouldn't trust them, but then again, why couldn't one apply the same conspiracy theory against vehicles not made by Tesla?
It's harder to drive a car when it's wrapped in tinfoil.
With a cellphone the GPS in the phone can - and will - track you six ways from Sunday unless you are very very careful, with a cellphone the carrier does not so much 'track your location' as that they record field strength to determine which tower you connect to as well as to manage the handover. To turn that into location data is absolutely possible but not nearly as accurate as GPS, especially not when you stop moving for a while.
Nevertheless, what you describe sounds a lot like a "smartphone with location services off" (assuming you trust the smartphone)
http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2013-04/smartphone-...
Smartphones can track you in a large number of ways, and you really should not trust them (esp. not if they are Android).