In germany you do this when you are 18, after your Abitur usually.
there are classes with older pupils (~19-30 years old), but they're the minority. most are, as you kindly noted before, between 15 and 18.
and i honestly can't agree on this constant praise for this system. i'm just finishing with my apprenticeship and the school part was a total joke. i think the highlight of my time there was me entering the class and saying 'good morning' to the teacher, who responded with 'shut up, i want to sleep'. which was followed by 270 minutes of "self study" on the internet.
and the payment for this exercise is a joke as well. you actually get less than our social security (hartz iv) would be giving you for doing nothing.