E-mail, wikis, discussion forums, and issue trackers are all collaboration tools built from the ground up to be asynchronous in nature. Are you looking for something else?
The major determinant of asynchronous deep collaboration efficiency is number of "cycles-to-outcome". (where a cycle is roughly a request/response loop).
Email because of its lack of shared state collaboration generates lots of extra cycles because of confusion on shared state (i.e. attachment nightmare).
Conversely, something like online document collaboration supports shared state collaboration, but is really poor at "what happened". For all but the smallest of documents this leads to compounding "implicit document rot" on every iteration. Alternatively, it leads to ever increasing time to "catchup" once again vastly expanding cycles-to-outcome.
Neither is good with accountability (something that issue trackers are good with). Lack of accountability is another driver of increasing cycles-to-outcome.
A deep collaboration solution that enables Deep Work could be designed from first principles based on minimizing cycles-to-outcome.
- the constraints of the tool itself - the culture of the organization that uses the tool
One organization could use emails and issue trackers completely asynchronously with scheduled twice daily checkins.
Yet another could use them for near instantaneous communication.
As always, the technology is usually something that simply exposes the underlying human behaviors.