What's being described above isn't simply template-based rendering (which, yes, essentially everything does), but the practice of building web-software like desktop software
and keeping the state of the UI server-side. It ignores that browsers are capable of effectively forking the UI through (today) tabs and (historically) "Open in New Window". Interacting with such software is a profoundly unpleasant experience; thankfully it's not particularly common, especially outside of "enterprise" applications (including government services, public utilities, education management, property management, healthcare, etc.)
It is not Java-specific, but it is common to a few specific Java frameworks as well as at least one of Microsoft's older frameworks (I forget which one).
The vast majority of frameworks (including most modern Java frameworks) do the sane thing and keep application state on the server side (often in a database, as you describe) and UI state on the browser side, which allows links and forms to work the way links are generally supposed to work.