United wanted four seats for their airline staff who had to cover an unstaffed flight at another location. And then decided to remove some of their customers, that had paid for the fly.
To add Dr. David Dao case to the others is a misclassification of the situation, and it assumes as true the narrative of the company that "they didn't have any other option than to remove this passenger".
The article is interesting anyway, and worth the read.
> Not everyone wants a free drink for the trouble, however, and airlines have typically had little else to offer angry people in the moment.
Sometimes United Airlines is not even able to act after the flight: http://www.slate.com/articles/double_x/doublex/2016/08/what_...