OSX is sending just as much telemetry back to Apple, but it's less hipster to call their OS a steaming pile of malware...
Windows 10 "Basic" level telemetry: https://technet.microsoft.com/itpro/windows/configure/basic-...
macOS Sierra Privacy policy and analytics: https://www.apple.com/privacy/privacy-policy/ https://support.apple.com/kb/PH25654?locale=en_US&viewlocale...
That is all Apple's policy has to say about Telemetry collection. It doesn't say when or how it gains consent.
With Windows you can't install without consent. I'm not going to re-image my Mac to check but I wouldn't at all be surprised if consent was part of that first boot EULA that you agree to.
Ultimately you find Microsoft's transparency on the matter is unsettling but Apple's hand waving "Trust us to do the right thing" is ok?
Microsoft does neither. You can't turn it off easily if you're not on Enterprise / Education, and the data being sent is encrypted.