> Each JSX element is just syntactic sugar for calling React.createElement(component, props, ...children). So, anything you can do with JSX can also be done with just plain JavaScript.
Source: https://facebook.github.io/react/docs/react-without-jsx.html
There's also a variety of libs to help with that process. We have an existing ES5/Backbone app that's built with Require.js, and we don't have a "compile" step in there. We just added our first couple React+Redux-based features into that codebase, but can't use JSX due to that lack of compilation. I opted to bring in https://github.com/Jador/react-hyperscript-helpers as an alternative to JSX. Not perfect, but it's a suitable alternative given our limitations. There's several other "virtual DOM/hyperscript"-ish packages out there as well.