DIY: Arch Linux > Slackware
Compile It Yourself: Gentoo > BSDs
Friendly: Fedora > Mint > Ubuntu > Solus > countless other Desktop Env specific distros
Developer Focused: openSUSE > NixOS > Fedora > Debian
DIY: Arch Linux > Slackware
Compile It Yourself: Gentoo > BSDs
Friendly: Fedora > Mint > Ubuntu > Solus > countless other Desktop Env specific distros
Developer Focused: openSUSE > NixOS > Fedora > Debian
I want something that's a bit stable with more recent packages. FreeBSD seems to be semi-rolling release, comparing package versions in the 'current' release with that in the snapshot versions. Debian testing has packages as recent as I can use, but I heard it's less stable than Ubuntu and bad things happen too. I'm considering Fedora, but I prefer rolling release distros to fixed release ones (I don't want Rawhide for stability sake). OpenSUSE has older packages in its repos: PHP < 7.0, gcc < 6, ...
Now to your original question:
If you want bleeding edge packages go with either Arch Linux, Gentoo, openSUSE or Solus. I haven't used openSUSE as extensively I'd like to but haven't had any issues with it yet. The package format is a bit too much if you want to create your own packages though. openSUSE ticks all the marks in your checklist too.
Other than that I will suggest to keep your local dev environment as close to production as SANELY possible. Fedora and openSUSE are good bets.
Personally for rolling releases I've found Arch Linux to be the best (not because they are rolling release but because they generally keep the packages without any modifications from upstream). There is a huge selection of packages. But it suffers with the problem that it's not used in production and hence some issues can't be caught on it.
I've used Slackware before, and it was an easy look into the system; except that package management is a bit stressful on Slackware, and its packages are not so up-to-date.
I'm running a VM with FreeBSD now; how suitable it can be for a laptop, I don't know yet. Battery life matters there too.
Fedora looks good; I already have a Fedora 24 disc, so I might go from there instead of Slackware. openSUSE tumbleweed looks great too. I'll probably try it.
I can't vouch for the package breakages on any system other than Fedora. I've just had a single package breakage on Arch in over a year. It was fixed by simply moving a file and making a symlink.