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I'm sure it can, but I personally am going to go for MXNet in Julia (which is syntactically similar to MatLab) if I find the time.

http://mxnet.io/

Python is Turing Complete, so yes.

While correct, I think GP is more interested in knowing if there're sufficient libraries available in Python so porting MATLAB code to Python is easy.

Looking at the source, almost everything in MATLAB can be ported though.

Someone did it already: martinbenson/deep-photo-styletransfer