You can start an iron fertilization project for around 20k in boat rental fees + legal fees for illegal ocean dumping. Major companies do it for less altruistic reasons all the time.
I guess the legal fees cover dumping of anything ranging from nuclear waste to rubbish destined for recycling? I'd assume one could get those waived if there was a proven positive effect of the fertilization.
Purely with population growth, we are doomed. Even if everyone had solar powered everything, feeding this population on anymore more then plakton will fully utilise all arrible surfaces on the planet by 2050