Android is a Java based OS, which happens to use Linux as kernel, Google can very easily change it to something else.
Only these set of C and C++ libraries are available to native applications on Android, which happen to be compiled to a .so anyway, to be loaded inside ART/Dalvik.
https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/stable_apis.html
Trying to link into any other GNU/Linux library that happens to be on the devices, but isn't part of that list, will trigger an app termination, starting with Android 7.
https://developer.android.com/about/versions/nougat/android-...
Also, many POSIX APIs have been removed from the kernel and require extra wrapper libraries, if they can be emulated at all.
https://roxanageambasu.github.io/publications/eurosys2016pos...
https://thesai.org/Downloads/Volume4No7/Paper_15-POSIX.1_con...