As for automation, I think that flexible automation solution shouldn't become outdated so fast. I think automating a lab to a large extent would be the same as automating a kitchen. You need to take thing in and out of storage, in a lab this would usually be different types of freezers, refrigerators, incubators etc., then you do stuff like mixing, slicing, dicing, heating, cooling, shaking, transferring liquids and solids between different types of equipment.
Smaller labs often don't have much automation. There's plenty of labs that don't even have lab robots, even though they do plenty of pipetting. Automated storage solutions are also rare as far as I know. Just deploying existing solutions and making them cheaper would help.
The only way to make thing really programmable though, is to automate everything. One challenge is that most machines and equipment only have interfaces for humans. If you were to place all your equipment in a kind of rack you could have a mix of conveyor belt for moving materials and robot arms on tracks in the roof to do manipulation tasks. Still it would be challenging to operate much of the equipment unless it is rebuilt to have standardized interfaces, but perhaps improvement in computer vision etc could eventually mitigate this. Another challenge is to make lab equipment communicate and compare data in completely different formats etc. There's lots of challenges but building a lab robotics system that can completely replace humans in doing the lab work should be possible even without hard AI and the hardware wouldn't necessarily have to be extremely expensive either.