Cognate means they share some etymological origin, which chaebol and zaibatsu do. Cabal is from Hebrew, and does not share the same roots.
A chaebol (/ˈtʃeɪbɒl/, Korean: 재벌, Korean: [tɕɛ̝bʌl]; from chae "wealth or property" + bol "faction or clan" – also written with the same Chinese characters 財閥 as Zaibatsu) is a South Korean form of business conglomerate.