Random examples from recent experience:

Some exist in Finland (at least in Helsinki).

Also saw one recently in a train station in Belgium, and IIRC a train station in the Netherlands.

Also in the North of Argentina near some bus station, where you would pay directly to someone apparently responsible for cleaning/maintaining them.

In the UK the majority of public toilets have been removed over the past few decades, and some of them have been replaced by paid toilets run by private companies where you pay a small fee (<£1). The removal and ofttimes poor maintenance of the public loos by local government and then privatisation was actually quite political at the time! Now people are just resigned to the fact that public loos don't really exist, and you just need to get a coffee at Starbucks if you really need to go.

Germany

Antwerp, Belgium. Utrecht, Netherlands. Can confirm there's not a single free public toilet in these cities.

"foreign"